How to Host a Minecraft Server on a VPS: The Complete Guide

Minecraft remains the most popular game server to self-host, and for good reason. Whether you are running a small survival world for friends or a public server with dozens of plugins, a VPS gives you full control over performance, mods, and who gets to play. No subscription to Realms, no limitations on player count, and no one else's rules about what you can install.

This guide covers setting up both Java Edition and Bedrock Edition servers on Linux and Windows, from initial installation through optimization and ongoing management.

Java Edition vs Bedrock Edition

Before you start, you need to decide which edition to host. Java Edition is the original version that runs on PC. It has the largest modding community, supports plugins through Spigot and Paper, and gives you the most control over server behavior. Bedrock Edition is the cross-platform version that runs on consoles, mobile devices, and Windows 10/11. If your players are on different platforms, Bedrock is the only option that lets everyone play together.

Java Edition servers are more resource-intensive but offer far more customization. Bedrock servers are lighter on resources but have a smaller plugin ecosystem. Most serious Minecraft communities run Java Edition. If you need cross-platform support, consider running both with a bridge plugin like GeyserMC.

Server Requirements

Java Edition

2 to 5 players: 2 CPU cores, 2 to 4 GB RAM, 10 GB storage. A vanilla or lightly modded server for a small group. Budget 10 to 20 dollars per month.

5 to 20 players: 4 CPU cores, 4 to 8 GB RAM, 20 GB storage. Room for plugins, a larger world, and more concurrent players. Budget 20 to 35 dollars per month.

20 to 100 players: 6 to 8 CPU cores, 8 to 16 GB RAM, 40 GB NVMe storage. A public server with many plugins, large worlds, and heavy activity. Budget 40 to 70 dollars per month.

Minecraft Java Edition is single-threaded for the main game loop, which means clock speed matters more than core count. A VPS with fast single-core performance like those using Ryzen 9 processors will outperform one with more but slower cores.

Bedrock Edition

Bedrock servers are significantly lighter. A server handling 10 players needs only 2 CPU cores and 1 to 2 GB of RAM. The Bedrock server binary is more optimized and does not run on the JVM, eliminating Java's memory overhead entirely.

Java Edition Server Setup on Linux

System Preparation

Start with Ubuntu 22.04 or Debian 12. Install Java and create a dedicated user:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install -y openjdk-21-jre-headless screen
sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash minecraft
sudo su - minecraft

Java 21 is required for Minecraft 1.20.5 and newer. For older versions, Java 17 works. Check the Minecraft version requirements before installing.

Download and First Run

Download the server jar file. We recommend Paper instead of vanilla Mojang server because it includes critical performance optimizations:

mkdir -p ~/server && cd ~/server
# For Paper (recommended):
curl -o paper.jar https://api.papermc.io/v2/projects/paper/versions/1.21.4/builds/411/downloads/paper-1.21.4-411.jar

# Or for vanilla Mojang server:
# curl -o server.jar https://piston-data.mojang.com/v1/objects/4707d00eb834b446575d89a61a11b5d548d8c001/server.jar

Run the server once to generate config files:

java -Xms2G -Xmx4G -jar paper.jar nogui

The server will stop and create an eula.txt file. You need to accept the EULA:

sed -i "s/eula=false/eula=true/" eula.txt

Run it again and the server will generate the world and all configuration files:

java -Xms2G -Xmx4G -jar paper.jar nogui

Server Configuration

The main configuration file is server.properties. Edit it to customize your server:

nano ~/server/server.properties

Key settings to change:

server-port=25565
max-players=20
view-distance=10
simulation-distance=8
difficulty=normal
gamemode=survival
motd=My Minecraft Server
white-list=false
online-mode=true
spawn-protection=0
max-tick-time=60000

The view-distance and simulation-distance settings have the biggest impact on performance. Lower values reduce the area the server simulates around each player. A view distance of 10 is a good balance between visibility and performance. Reduce to 6 or 8 if you experience lag with many players.

Optimized JVM Flags

The default Java flags leave performance on the table. Use Aikar's optimized flags which are the standard for Minecraft server hosting:

java -Xms4G -Xmx4G -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch -XX:G1NewSizePercent=30 -XX:G1MaxNewSizePercent=40 -XX:G1HeapRegionSize=8M -XX:G1ReservePercent=20 -XX:G1HeapWastePercent=5 -XX:G1MixedGCCountTarget=4 -XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=15 -XX:G1MixedGCLiveThresholdPercent=90 -XX:G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercent=5 -XX:SurvivorRatio=32 -XX:+PerfDisableSharedMem -XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=1 -jar paper.jar nogui

These flags optimize garbage collection to minimize lag spikes. Set -Xms and -Xmx to the same value to prevent the JVM from constantly resizing the heap. Allocate about 80% of your available RAM to the JVM, leaving the rest for the OS.

Firewall and Systemd Service

Open the Minecraft port and set up auto-start:

sudo ufw allow 25565/tcp
sudo ufw allow 22/tcp
sudo ufw enable

Create the systemd service file:

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/minecraft.service

[Unit]
Description=Minecraft Java Server
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=minecraft
WorkingDirectory=/home/minecraft/server
ExecStart=/usr/bin/java -Xms4G -Xmx4G -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch -XX:G1NewSizePercent=30 -XX:G1MaxNewSizePercent=40 -XX:G1HeapRegionSize=8M -XX:G1ReservePercent=20 -XX:G1HeapWastePercent=5 -XX:G1MixedGCCountTarget=4 -XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=15 -XX:G1MixedGCLiveThresholdPercent=90 -XX:G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercent=5 -XX:SurvivorRatio=32 -XX:+PerfDisableSharedMem -XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=1 -jar paper.jar nogui
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Enable and start:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable minecraft
sudo systemctl start minecraft

Bedrock Edition Server Setup on Linux

The Bedrock server is a standalone binary, no Java required:

sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash mcbedrock
sudo su - mcbedrock
mkdir -p ~/server && cd ~/server
curl -o bedrock-server.zip https://minecraft.azureedge.net/bin-linux/bedrock-server-1.21.51.02.zip
unzip bedrock-server.zip
chmod +x bedrock_server

Edit server.properties the same way as Java Edition. The settings are similar but not identical. Start the server:

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=. ./bedrock_server

Bedrock uses UDP port 19132 by default. Open it in your firewall:

sudo ufw allow 19132/udp

Windows Server Setup

Connect via Remote Desktop. Download the server jar (Java) or server zip (Bedrock) and extract to a folder. For Java Edition, install Java 21 from Adoptium. Create a start script:

:: save as start.bat
@echo off
java -Xms4G -Xmx4G -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -jar paper.jar nogui
pause

Open the port in Windows Firewall:

netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="Minecraft Server" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=25565

For automatic startup, add the batch file to Task Scheduler with a trigger set to run at system boot.

Essential Plugins for Paper/Spigot

A vanilla server works fine for small groups, but plugins transform Minecraft into whatever experience you want. Here are the essentials:

EssentialsX: The Swiss army knife of Minecraft plugins. Adds homes, warps, kits, economy, and hundreds of utility commands. Almost every server runs this.

LuckPerms: Permission management. Control who can use which commands, access which areas, and perform which actions. Essential for any server with more than a handful of players.

WorldGuard + WorldEdit: Region protection and world editing. Prevent griefing by protecting areas, and use WorldEdit for large-scale building and terrain modification.

CoreProtect: Block logging and rollback. See who placed or broke every block, and roll back griefing with a single command. This plugin has saved countless servers from griefers.

Install plugins by dropping the jar files into the plugins folder and restarting the server:

# Download plugins to the plugins directory
cd ~/server/plugins
curl -o EssentialsX.jar https://ci.ender.zone/job/EssentialsX/lastSuccessfulBuild/artifact/jars/EssentialsX.jar

# Restart the server to load new plugins
sudo systemctl restart minecraft

Performance Optimization

Paper-Specific Tuning

Paper has additional configuration files that let you fine-tune performance beyond what vanilla offers. Edit paper-world-defaults.yml:

nano ~/server/config/paper-world-defaults.yml

Key optimizations:

chunks:
  max-auto-save-chunks-per-tick: 8
  entity-per-chunk-save-limit:
    experience_orb: 16
    arrow: 8
    snowball: 8

environment:
  optimize-explosions: true
  treasure-maps:
    enabled: false

entities:
  armor-stands:
    tick: false
  spawning:
    per-player-mob-spawns: true

World Pre-Generation

Generating new chunks is the most CPU-intensive operation a Minecraft server performs. Pre-generate your world to eliminate lag when players explore new areas:

# Install Chunky plugin, then in-game or console:
chunky radius 5000
chunky start

This generates all chunks within 5000 blocks of spawn. It takes time but eliminates chunk generation lag during gameplay.

Backup and Maintenance

Automate world backups. Minecraft worlds are just files on disk, making backups straightforward:

#!/bin/bash
# save as /home/minecraft/backup.sh
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M)
BACKUP_DIR="/home/minecraft/backups"
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR

# Tell server to save and disable autosave temporarily
screen -S minecraft -p 0 -X stuff "save-all\n"
sleep 5
screen -S minecraft -p 0 -X stuff "save-off\n"
sleep 2

# Create backup
tar czf $BACKUP_DIR/world-$DATE.tar.gz -C /home/minecraft/server world world_nether world_the_end

# Re-enable autosave
screen -S minecraft -p 0 -X stuff "save-on\n"

# Delete backups older than 7 days
find $BACKUP_DIR -name "world-*.tar.gz" -mtime +7 -delete

echo "Backup completed: world-$DATE.tar.gz"

chmod +x /home/minecraft/backup.sh
# Run every 6 hours
crontab -e
0 */6 * * * /home/minecraft/backup.sh

Troubleshooting

TPS drops below 20: Check timings with /timings on, wait 5 minutes, then /timings paste. The report shows exactly what is consuming server ticks. Common culprits are too many entities, unoptimized plugins, or excessive view distance.

Players experience lag but TPS is fine: This is usually network latency, not server performance. Check player ping with /ping. If ping is high, the server location is too far from the players. Choose a VPS in a data center close to your player base.

Out of memory errors: Increase -Xmx in your startup flags. If you are already using all available RAM, upgrade your VPS. Do not set -Xmx higher than your physical RAM or the server will swap to disk and performance will be terrible.

Server not appearing in server list: Verify the port is open and the server is running. Check server.properties to ensure server-port matches the port you opened in the firewall. If using a non-standard port, players need to specify it when connecting (e.g., your.ip:25566).

BlastVPS VPS plans come with NVMe storage and high clock-speed processors, giving your Minecraft server the single-thread performance it needs for smooth gameplay even with heavy plugin loads.